General
What is shear force and bending moment?
Shear force Shear force is the force acting on a substance in a direction perpendicular to the extension of the substance, acting in a direction to a planar cross-section of a body. Shear force is the summation of the effect of shear stress over a ...
What is the meaning of the Pre-cambering
Pre-cambering Pre-cambering reduces the deflection under the loads, being one of the requirements of deflection checking. For usual simple supported girders, the problem is relatively simple, more complex is the pre-cambering problem at continuous ...
What is partial release of fixity of beams?
The release is removing the capacity of a certain structural member to support forces like bending moment, torsion (more of torsion in the next posts) axial and shear forces. But most often release means release of the bending moment. Another ...
What are shoring piles?
Shoring is used to support a structure to prevent a collapse. The most common shoring techniques that we encountered are during the early stage of construction which is an excavation. Shoring is intended to support a deep excavation to prevent the ...
What is stiffness modifiers?
Shell or area element has two types of stiffnesses i.e. in-plane stiffness refers to f11, f22 and f12 and out-of-plane stiffness refers to m11, m22 and m12. Refer to the below Figure which shows the direction of local axes and their corresponding ...
What is the difference between Time History and Response Spectrum?
Time History This method calculates the response of a structure subjected to earthquake excitation at every instant of time (hence the name Time History). Various seismic data are necessary to carry out the seismic analysis i.e. acceleration, ...
What is Power spectral Density analysis and Steady state analysis?
Power-spectral-density (PSD) analysis is a type of frequency-domain analysis in which a structure is subjected to a probabilistic spectrum of harmonic loading to obtain probabilistic distributions for dynamic response measures. A root-mean-square ...
What is the Meshing in Finite Element Method?
A mesh is a network of line elements and interconnecting nodes used to model a structural system and numerically solve for its simulated behavior under applied loading. First, computational techniques create an analytical model by populating the ...
What is Soil Structure Interaction?
The effects of soil-foundation interaction, e.g., the differential settlement, may have a significant impact on building response. ETABS offers a modelling option to automatically generate foundation springs and dashpots for isolated column footings ...
What is the Construction Sequence analysis?
Implicit in most analysis programs is the assumption that the structure is not subjected to any load until it is completely built. This is probably a reasonable assumption for live, wind and seismic loads and other superimposed loads. However, in ...
What are the types and uses of the Diaphragm?
Diaphragm are the mathematical operator which transfers the lateral forces to the vertical elements. Diaphragm are of two types. Rigid Diaphragm and Semi-Rigid Diaphragm. Rigid Diaphragm Software will consider the infinite stiffness in its own plane. ...
Discuss about Eigen Vector and Ritz Vector?
Eigenvector analysis determines the undamped free-vibration mode shapes and frequencies of the system. These natural modes provide an excellent insight into the behaviour of the structure. Ritz-vector the analysis seeks to find modes that are excited ...
What are the checklists for column design, beam design and shear wall design?
Checklist for column design Check the Grade of concrete Grade of steel Check concrete cover as per IS and suitable for the site Check the arrangement of the rebar system in the pre-processor. Check for code IS 456:2000 Check if the proper load ...
What are the factors of Initial Beam depth?
Initial Beam depth depends on factors like The span by depth ratio as per IS 456:2000 cl. 23.2.1 (depending on the different cases). we can add 50 mm in addition to that to get the initial depth for beams. The available formwork sizes and the sizes ...
What is Mass Source?
In Mass Source we define the mass of the structure along with additional dead and live load to be taken into account for the Earthquake analysis. As per Clause 7.3.1 of IS 1893:2016(Part 1), Seismic design force shall be estimated using full dead ...
What are Difference between the thin shell, thick shell, membrane element and Layered. Uses and applications. Why?
Thin Shell Element Inplane & Out of plane stiffness shall be calculated by the program by performing analysis. Finite element meshing is compulsory for modeling such type of element Applications Normal RC Beam and slab structures. Irregular slabs, ...
What are the Stability checks criteria for the High rise building?
The criteria for the stability checks for the tall buildings are as follows: - Inter storey drift ratio should be less than 0.004. (Clause 7.11.1.1 of IS 1893(Part 1): 2016 The maximum deflection against wind allowed is H/500. (Clause 5.4 of IS ...